What are attorneys called in London?

 

If you’re seeking legal assistance in London, understanding the terminology and roles of legal professionals is essential. Unlike some countries where the term “attorney” is commonly used, in London-and more broadly in England and Wales-the legal profession is divided mainly into two distinct types of lawyers: solicitors and barristers. This article explains what attorneys are called in London, their roles, how they differ, and the broader legal context in which they operate.

The Term “Attorney” in London: What Does It Mean?

In England and Wales, the word “attorney” is not commonly used to describe practicing lawyers as it is, for example, in the United States. Instead, the legal profession is traditionally split into:

• Solicitors

• Barristers

However, “attorney” can still appear in certain contexts, such as in the phrase “power of attorney,” which refers to a legal document authorising someone to act on another’s behalf. But when referring to a legal professional who provides advice, drafts documents, or represents clients, the terms solicitor and barrister are used.

Solicitors: The Client’s First Port of Call

Solicitors are the legal professionals you will most commonly encounter when seeking legal advice or representation in London. They are qualified lawyers who:

• Provide expert legal advice to individuals, businesses, and organisations

• Handle legal matters outside court, such as drafting contracts, negotiating settlements, and advising on legal rights and obligations

• Prepare cases and instruct barristers if court representation is needed, especially in higher courts

• May represent clients in lower courts and tribunals, and some solicitors qualify as solicitor advocates with rights of audience in higher courts

Solicitors are regulated by the Solicitors Regulation Authority (SRA) and are typically employed by law firms, corporations, or government bodies. They are often the first point of contact for legal matters and manage the client relationship throughout the legal process.

Barristers: Specialist Court Advocates

Barristers are another distinct branch of the legal profession in London. Their primary role is to:

• Represent clients in court, especially in higher courts such as the High Court, Court of Appeal, and Supreme Court

• Provide specialist legal opinions and advocacy services

• Draft legal pleadings and advise solicitors on complex points of law

Barristers are usually self-employed and work in groups called chambers. They are instructed by solicitors rather than directly by clients, although under the Public Access Scheme, individuals can now approach barristers directly for certain types of work.

Barristers are regulated by the Bar Standards Board (BSB) and are known for their distinctive court attire, including wigs and gowns.

Differences Between Solicitors and Barristers

Aspect	Solicitor	Barrister
Primary Role	Legal advice, client management, case preparation	Court advocacy and specialist legal opinions
Client Interaction	Direct contact with clients	Usually instructed by solicitors
Court Representation	Lower courts, some higher courts (if qualified)	Higher courts, complex trials and appeals
Employment Status	Often employed by firms or organisations	Mostly self-employed in chambers
Regulation	Solicitors Regulation Authority (SRA)	Bar Standards Board (BSB)
Court Attire	Business dress	Traditional wigs and gowns

Other Legal Professionals in London

Beyond solicitors and barristers, London’s legal system includes other legal roles:

• Legal Executives: Qualified lawyers who specialise in particular areas of law and often work alongside solicitors.

• Licensed Conveyancers: Specialists in property law and conveyancing.

• Judges: Typically appointed from experienced barristers or solicitors with significant legal expertise.

• Attorney-General and Solicitor-General: Senior government legal officers advising the Crown and government.

Historical Context: Why No “Attorneys”?

Historically, before the Judicature Acts of the 1870s, the English legal profession included attorneys, solicitors, and proctors, each practising in different courts or legal areas. The reforms merged these roles, and the title “attorney” fell out of use in relation to practising lawyers, replaced by “solicitor.” Today, “attorney” remains primarily a term used in specific legal documents or in reference to foreign jurisdictions.

Summary: What to Call Your Lawyer in London

• If you need legal advice or help with legal paperwork, you will usually consult a solicitor.

• If your case goes to court and requires specialist advocacy, a barrister will likely represent you.

• The term attorney is uncommon in London’s legal profession and mostly used in specific contexts like powers of attorney.

In London, the legal profession is characterised by a clear division between solicitors and barristers, each with distinct roles and responsibilities. 

While the term “attorney” is widely used internationally, in England and Wales, it is not the standard term for practising lawyers. Understanding this distinction helps you navigate the legal system effectively and ensures you approach the right professional for your legal needs.

Whether you require legal advice, document preparation, or courtroom representation, knowing that solicitors and barristers are the key legal professionals in London will guide you to the appropriate source of help.

What Is Common Law in the UK?

The common law system is the foundation of the legal framework in England and Wales, shaping how laws are interpreted and developed over centuries. Rooted in judicial decisions and the doctrine of precedent, common law evolves through judges’ rulings, balancing tradition with adaptability. It complements statutory law by filling gaps and interpreting legislation, ensuring the law remains coherent and relevant. To explore the origins, principles, and practical workings of common law in the UK, read our detailed article on What Is Common Law in the UK.

How Does the UK’s Legal System Handle Appeals?

Appeals are a crucial part of the UK’s justice system, providing a structured process for reviewing decisions made by lower courts. Whether in criminal or civil cases, the appeals process allows parties to challenge verdicts or sentences on valid legal grounds. The system involves multiple courts, from Magistrates’ Courts and Crown Courts to the Court of Appeal and ultimately the Supreme Court. Permission to appeal is generally required to ensure only cases with merit proceed. For a comprehensive guide explaining how appeals work, the courts involved, and what you need to know about the process, visit How Does the UK’s Legal System Handle Appeals.

Understanding the Legal System in London

London’s legal system operates within the broader framework of England and Wales but stands out due to its historic institutions and role as a global legal hub. It features a hierarchical court structure ranging from Magistrates’ Courts to the Supreme Court, alongside professional bodies like the Inns of Court, which support barristers. The system blends centuries-old traditions with modern judicial practices, ensuring justice is administered fairly and efficiently. To gain a thorough understanding of how London’s legal system functions, its key courts, and legal professionals, check out our insightful article on Understanding the Legal System in London.